Industrialisation in Britain

Core concept

Key inventions like the spinning jenny, steam engine, and power loom mechanised textile production, dramatically increasing output and reducing reliance on manual labour.

How it works

Industrialisation led to rapid urbanisation, as people moved from rural areas to cities for factory jobs, though this often meant crowded, unsanitary living conditions.

Why it matters

The factory system introduced new working conditions, including long hours and the employment of women and children, leading eventually to labour reform movements.

Key detail

Britain's industrialisation gave it significant economic and military advantages, contributing to its expansion as a global colonial power during the 19th century.