Q1
What is an ore?
AA mineral from which metal can be economically extracted
BAny rock
CA pure metal always
DA type of gas
ICSEClass 10 (ICSE)ChemistryCh 7 · Topic 1
Metallurgy
Metallurgy is the science of extracting metals from their ores, involving processes like concentration, reduction, and refining.
Core concept
Ores are naturally occurring minerals from which metals can be economically extracted, requiring concentration to remove unwanted impurities (gangue).
How it works
Reactive metals are extracted by electrolysis (like aluminium), while moderately reactive metals are extracted by reduction with carbon or other reducing agents (like iron).
Why it matters
The blast furnace is used for extracting iron from its ore (haematite), using coke, limestone, and hot air to reduce iron oxide to iron.
Key detail
After extraction, metals often need refining to remove remaining impurities, using techniques like electrolytic refining for high-purity requirements.
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• Ores: minerals from which metals are extracted.
• Concentration removes gangue (impurities).
• Reactive metals extracted by electrolysis (e.g. aluminium).
• Moderately reactive metals: reduction with carbon (e.g. iron).
• Blast furnace extracts iron from haematite.
• Uses coke, limestone, hot air.
• Refining removes remaining impurities.
• Electrolytic refining gives high purity.