Q1
What does the Law of Dominance state?
ADominant allele masks the recessive allele
BBoth alleles express equally always
CRecessive always dominates
DNo masking occurs
ICSEClass 10 (ICSE)BiologyCh 2 · Topic 1
Genetics - Some Basic Fundamentals
Genetics studies heredity and variation, with Mendel's laws explaining how traits are passed from parents to offspring through genes.
Core concept
Mendel's Law of Dominance states that when two contrasting alleles are present, one (dominant) masks the expression of the other (recessive).
How it works
Mendel's Law of Segregation states that allele pairs separate during gamete formation, so each gamete carries only one allele for each trait.
Why it matters
A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism (like Tt), while phenotype is the physical expression of that genotype (like tall).
Key detail
Punnett squares are used to predict the probability of offspring genotypes and phenotypes from a genetic cross between parents.
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• Law of Dominance: dominant allele masks recessive.
• Law of Segregation: allele pairs separate in gametes.
• Each gamete carries one allele per trait.
• Genotype: genetic makeup (e.g., Tt).
• Phenotype: physical expression (e.g., tall).
• Punnett squares predict offspring outcomes.
• They show genotype and phenotype probabilities.
• These are foundational genetics concepts.