Q1
Which direction does heat flow?
AFrom hotter to colder objects
BFrom colder to hotter objects
CIt doesn't flow
DRandomly in any direction
ICSEClass 7 (ICSE)ScienceCh 5 · Topic 1
Heat
Heat is a form of energy that flows from hotter to colder objects, causing temperature changes and physical effects like expansion.
Core concept
Heat flows naturally from a hotter object to a colder one until both reach the same temperature (thermal equilibrium).
How it works
Heat can transfer through conduction (direct contact), convection (movement in liquids/gases), or radiation (through space, like sunlight).
Why it matters
Most materials expand when heated and contract when cooled, a property used in thermometers and expansion joints in bridges.
Key detail
Understanding heat transfer helps us explain cooking, weather patterns, and design efficient heating and cooling systems.
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• Heat flows from hotter to colder objects.
• This continues until thermal equilibrium.
• Heat transfers by conduction, convection, radiation.
• Conduction is direct contact transfer.
• Convection is movement in liquids/gases.
• Radiation transfers through space, like sunlight.
• Materials expand when heated, contract when cooled.
• This is used in thermometers and bridges.