Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding

Core concept

Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, forming oppositely charged ions that attract each other, like in NaCl.

How it works

Covalent bonding involves atoms sharing electrons to achieve a stable configuration, like in H₂O, where oxygen shares electrons with two hydrogen atoms.

Why it matters

Atoms bond to achieve a stable electron configuration, often resembling the nearest noble gas's electron arrangement (octet rule).

Key detail

Understanding bonding types helps explain compound properties, like why ionic compounds often have high melting points, and covalent compounds vary more.