Q1
What is Earth's outermost layer called?
AThe crust
BThe mantle
CThe core
DThe atmosphere
ICSEClass 9 (ICSE)GeographyCh 4 · Topic 1
The Earth's Structure and Landforms
Earth's structure includes the crust, mantle, and core, and various geological processes shape landforms like mountains, valleys, and plains
Core concept
The crust is Earth's outermost layer, relatively thin, where we live, while the mantle beneath is thick and partially molten.
How it works
The core, at Earth's centre, has an outer liquid layer and an inner solid layer, both primarily made of iron and nickel.
Why it matters
Landforms are shaped by internal processes (like plate tectonics creating mountains) and external processes (like erosion creating valleys).
Key detail
Understanding Earth's structure and landform formation helps us explain geological events like earthquakes and the diversity of landscapes.
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• The crust is Earth's outermost layer.
• It's relatively thin, where we live.
• The mantle beneath is thick and partially molten.
• The core is at Earth's centre.
• It has liquid outer and solid inner layers.
• Both are mainly iron and nickel.
• Internal processes create mountains via plate tectonics.
• External processes like erosion create valleys.