Physical and Chemical Properties of Metals
Learning the general physical and chemical properties shared by metals.
Core concept
Highly reactive metals like sodium and potassium react vigorously (even explosively) with water at room temperature, while less reactive metals like iron react only with steam, and metals like gold and silver do not react with water at all. This pattern of reactivity, known as the reactivity series, allows chemists to predict how a metal will behave in various reactions, including which metal can displace another from a compound.
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• Metals: malleable, ductile, lustrous, good conductors of heat and electricity.
• Metals react with oxygen (forming basic oxides), water, and acids (releasing H₂ gas).
• Reactivity with water varies greatly: sodium reacts violently, iron reacts only with steam, gold does not react.
• The reactivity series predicts metal behaviour in reactions and displacement.